LEEVENSPARK

Hydrangeas

Hypoid Gear This type of gear (Fig. 26.37) is the commonly used now a days. The pinion axis of this gear is offset to the centre line of the crown wheel. Although the gear can be placed above or below the centre, but in cars it is always placed below to allow for a lower propeller shaft so that a reduction in the tunnel height is possible. Pinion offset can vary with the application, but an offset of one-fifth the wheel diametre is commonly used. If the axis is lowered, the tooth pitch of the pinion increases, so that for a given ratio, the pinion diameter can be larger (30 percent for normal offset). This enables the use of a stronger gear specifically on commercial vehicles. Fig. 26.37. Hypoid bevel. A hypoid is considered to be halfway between a normal bevel and a worm drive. In the former case a rolling action occurs, whereas the latter case is totally sliding. An increase in the sliding motion in the hypoid gear reduces meshing noise, but the high temperature and pressure of the o

Hitting the earth in ' 2036 ' Apophasis, a 1000 foots wide asteroid will pass earth on 13th April 2029, coming as close as some of our own scientists. It will be thrown off course by the earth’s gravity and, if we are very un lucky, it could swing back and hit us. It is almost certain that the asteroids which are close encounter with the earth will change its orbit. If it pass through a certain keyhole of the space only 600 meters wide, it will be deflected onto a path that will send it crashing onto the planet on its next pass on Sunday, April 13, 2036. Scientists have estimated that it has one chance in about 6,250 of hitting the earth. Such an impact would yield one of the greatest natural disasters occurring in the human life history. The impact would create a blast that the largest atomic or nuclear weapon which is thousand times much more powerful. This will kill millions of people if the impact occurred near a populated area or create a enormous Tsunami if the impac

Hyper Sonic Air

Horsepower In technical terms, one horsepower is the energy required to lift 550 pounds 1 foot in one second. In automotive terms, it's a form of power generated by the engine. While torque is the engine's rotational force, and the energy that gets the car moving from a stop, horsepower is the energy that helps the car keep accelerating when it is already moving.

When you drive down the street, you see hybrid automobiles every day. But how about a hybrid bulldozer? We'll talk about hybrids on the construction site, today, on Engineering Works! Or listen to the podcast . Hybrid automobiles have been around for quite a while. Honda introduced the first gasoline-electric hybrid to the United States in 1999. In 2004, Toyota started selling the Prius and Ford’s Escape hybrid S-U-V came on the market. Now, it seems like everybody’s got a hybrid. Even Cadillac and Mercedes-Benz. Everybody sees why driving a hybrid makes sense, mostly great gas mileage. Some, more than 50 miles per gallon. And then there’s the hybrid bulldozer. Yep, bulldozer. You know, the big yellow machines that push dirt around construction sites. Caterpillar has brought out a hybrid bulldozer, a diesel-electric version of its D7 dozer. It’s the first one, and it seems to do the same for dozers that the Prius and its automotive brethren do for automobiles. The D7E, for electric

April 29, 2009 -- Hoping to bridge the gap between airplanes and rocketships , the U.S. military is preparing to test an experimental aircraft that can fly more than six times faster than the speed of sound on ordinary jet fuel. the X-51, but folks like to call it the WaveRider because it stays airborne, in part, with lift generated by the shock waves of its own flight. The design stems from the goal of the program -- to demonstrate an air-breathing, hypersonic, combustion ramjet engine, known as a scramjet. "We built a vehicle around an engine," said Joseph Vogel, the X-51 project manager with Boeing, which is building a series of four test planes under a $246.5-million program managed by the Air Force Research Laboratory in Dayton, Ohio. Scramjets use the forward motion of an engine to compress air for fuel combustion. It's similar to a ramjet engine, but at supersonic speeds. NASA tested the concept in 2004, breaking the record for a jet-powered aircraft

Headlights Night driving has long been dangerous due to the glare of headlights that blind drivers approaching from the opposite direction. Therefore, headlights that satisfactorily illuminate the highway ahead of the automobile for night driving without temporarily blinding approaching drivers have long been sought. To correct this problem resistance-type dimming circuits, which decreased the brightness of the headlights when meeting another car, were first introduced. This gave way to mechanical tilting reflectors and later to double-filament bulbs with a high and a low beam, called sealed-beam units. There was only one filament at the focal point of the reflector in the double-filament headlight unit of necessity. Greater illumination required for high-speed driving with the high beam, consequently, the lower beam filament was placed off center, with a resulting decrease in lighting effectiveness. From the 1950s, manufacturers equipped their models with four headlights to improve il

Hydraulic System Hydraulically operated power assisted systems work on either a constant pressure or constant flow layout. The former incorporates a hydraulic accumulator to store the pressure. The latter uses flow of fluid around the system continuously until assistance is required. The Components. The essential components required to operate a constant flow system are shown in Fig. 27.64. The system incorporates a pump, control valve and ram cylinder in addition to the normal steering components. Pump. An eccentric rotor pump driven by a vee belt from the engine crankshaft is normally used. The pump is located either on the front of the engine or at the front of the crankshaft. A fluid reservoir is attached to the pump and generally stores a low-viscosity mineral oil similar to the type used in an automatic transmission. A pressure relief valve limits the maximum pressure of 7 MN/m2, and once this pressure is attained the oil passes from the pump outlet back to the reservoir. Control

You have one drywall screw, one 1.5 V alkaline cell, six inches of plain copper wire, one small neodymium disk magnet, and no other tools or supplies. You have 30 seconds to make an electric motor running in excess of ten thousand RPM. Can you do it? Surprisingly enough, you can. Let's take a step back. The most common type of electric motor is the brushed dc electric motor. This is the kind that you'll find inside essentially everything that moves (or shakes) and runs on batteries. This type of motor attracts an electromagnet towards a permanent magnet. When the two are close enough,the polarity of the current through the electromagnet is reversed, so that it now repels the permanent magnet, and thus keeps turning. It's quite easy to build a working model; Christian built this example for his third-grade science project. A simpler yet motor (sometimes sold as the sold as the "world's simplest motor") just switches off the current for half of the cycle, le

Hypersonic Engineering & Design is a New York City based engineering and design studio working at the intersection of engineering, architecture, art, and media. CONSULTING SERVICES AND AREAS OF EXPERTISE Machine Design, Automated Systems, and Robotics Aerospace Technologies Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems Lean Manufacturing Consumer Product Design 3D CAD Design (Solid Works, Pro/E) Structural Analysis & Finite Element Analysis Prototyping, Machining, and Small Run Manufacturing New material enables 'information sorting' at the speed of light The researchers are studying the science of ‘nano plasmonic devices’ whose key components are tiny nano scale metal structures, more than 1000 times smaller than the size of a human hair, that guide and direct light. Information is routinely sorted and directed in different directions to allow computing, internet connections or telephone conversations to take place. At present, however, computers process inf

HOW TO CHOOSE A TELESCOPE Buying a telescope for the first time can be a daunting task, but as long as you learn some basic terminology and familiarize yourself with the night sky, you'll just need some luck for clear skies Astronomy presenter Mark Thompson introduced "Six Tips for Perfect Stargazing." In this second installment, Mark shares some tips on how to choose the right telescope before you stare deep into the cosmos. First things first, before embarking on the purchase of a telescope -- if you haven't already -- then consider buying a pair of binoculars or at the very least, learn your way around the sky by eye. It will make using a telescope so much easier.                                                                                                                                 Assuming you're at that stage and now looking at your first all important purchase, there are a few things to consider. (If you're a parent thinking about buying

Hydraulic Braking System A hydraulic braking system transmits brake-pedal force to the wheel brakes through pressurized fluid, converting the fluid pressure into useful work of braking at the wheels. A simple, single-line hydraulic layout used to operate a drum and disc brake system is illustrated in Fig. 28.36. The brake pedal relays the driver's foot effort to the master-cylinder piston, which compresses the brake fluid. This fluid pressure is equally transmitted throughout the fluid to the front disc-caliper pistons and to the rear wheel-cylinder pistons. As per the regulations a separate mechanical parking brake must be incorporated with at least two wheels. This provision also allows the driver to stop the vehicle in the event of failure of the hydraulic brake system. Fig. 28.36. Hydraulic single-line braking system. In a hydraulic braking system the braking force is directly proportional to the ratio of the master-cylinder cross-sectional area to the disc or drum-brake wheel-

, How To Make a Wind Generator Wind Generator :- wind energy can be economically used for generation of electrical energy by wind mills.It invilves the conversion of kinetic energ of the wind into mechanical energy that can be utilised to perform useful work or to generate electricity. Advantages of wind energy :-                                       1.wind power is pollution free and that its source of energy is free. 2.Particularly suitable for small,remove domestic and form needs in the aeras with stands the winds. 3.For small power ranges the system is less cost.         Disadvantages of wind mills:- 1. size of wind mill is large and the system has a relatively high over all weight. 2.very much noise is produced in this operation. 3.wind energy is unsteasdy due to variation of the wind direction,velocities and wind flow duration. *IF YOU WANT TO MAKE A WIND MILL IT IS VERY SIMPLE PROCUDURE TO FOLLOW*       Free the earth from green house gases.Try to decrease

  $ WISH YOU A HAPPY NEW YEAR 2011 $    FIND SOME MORE NEW YEAR GREEATINGS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   Enjoy the year with lots of happiness,thrilings,joy etc...