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During energy transformations, energy can neither be created nor destroyed. However energy can be degraded, that is there is less useful energy after the change than there was before. This is because some of the original energy has been changed into heat or sound and lost to the surroundings. General and credit level equations Useful equations for energy calculations in power stations include: gravitational potential: Ep = mgh kinetic energy: Ek ½mv 2  (credit level only) electrical power: P=IV also, for all forms of energy: E=Pt Calculating efficiency (credit level only) The percentage of total energy output compared to the total input energy is its energy efficiency

The main nuclear fuels are  uranium  and  plutonium . In a nuclear power station nuclear fuel undergoes a controlled chain reaction in the reactor to produce heat - nuclear to heat energy. heat is used to change water into steam in the boiler. the steam drives the turbine (heat to kinetic energy) this drives the generator to produce electricity - kinetic to electrical energy. Advantages Unlike fossil fuels, nuclear fuels do not produce carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide. 1 kg of nuclear fuel produces millions of times more energy than 1 kg of coal. Disadvantages like fossil fuels, nuclear fuels are  non-renewable energy resources if there is an accident, large amounts of radioactive material could be released into the environment. Although modern reactor designs are extremely safe. Nuclear waste remains radioactive and is hazardous to health for thousands of years. It must be stored safely. This waste material can  never  be used to make a 'nuclear bomb' which is sometim

The thermal power plant is a setup for extracting the hidden calorific heat inside the black diamond to be used for setting the electrons in motion i.e. electric current. Read on to find out about his interesting journey of power conversion. Introduction Having learnt about the basic plant layout and site selection of a power plant it is now time to take a look at the overall functioning of the power plant. I suggest that if you haven’t read the first part of this series regarding general layout of a thermal power plant, you take a look at it, especially the accompanying diagram since I am not going to repeat the same diagram here but will explain based on previous article. The Functioning of the Plant The four circuits of the thermal power plant make a complete picture when put together helping to generate electricity out of fuels such as coal which is the most widely used fuel. The calorific value of coals depends on the quality of the coal and the place from where it is mine

I am invariably finding many hits on cooling tower capacity & performance calculation and related queries. Therefore, I have decided to include the detailed calculation procedure in order to enable many students & process engineers who are interested in improving cooling towers performance by following these simple steps. If you have any query, kindly post them in the comments section. I’ll try my level best to answer those queries as soon as possible. First you should collect all the data as given below. Be sure that the data collected for these temperatures is most accurate because of lower absolute level of generally ~40°C average temperatures, an error of 0.5°C due to manual data collection & judgment will cause more than 1.2% error in the result at one calculation. Repeating such errors may result in cumulative errors of more than 10% in totality giving you totally absurd results. So the basic point is that collect the data on regular basis, keep a watch to have

Moisture content in the coal affects the reported Heating Value of coal. Corrections have to be applied to get the real values. Read on to learn about these corrections Fuel cost is the most important single component that determines the cost of electric power. Coal is the primary fuel used for power generation. All utility companies are concerned about how much has to be paid to the coal suppliers. Fuel cost is directly linked to the Heating Value or the energy content of the coal. Determining the correct heating value becomes an important commercial issue and directly affects the profitability of a power plant. The heating value of coal depends on the Combustible Matter, mainly Carbon and Hydrogen, in the coal and how it reacts during the combustion process. Apart from the Combustible Matter the other main ingredients are Ash and Moisture. In its journey from the mines to the power plant, Combustibles and the Ash in the Coal remain unchanged. What changes is the moisture content

Download JNTU MECH 4-1 (2011) Second Mid Online Bits in PDF. Subscribe to RSS feed through email,not to miss any updates. Download JNTU MECH 4-1 (2011) Second Mid Online Bits subject wise 1. DBMS 2. OR 3. ROBOTICS 4. PPE 5. FEM 6. ICS * We are not responsible of any conseqences

Download JNTU MECH 3-1 (2011) second Mid Online Bits in PDF Subscribe to feed through email,not to miss any updates. Download JNTU MECH 3-1 (2011) second Mid Online Bits subject wise 1. AE 2. MEFA 3. DOM 4. MT 5. DMM1 6. HT (updated on 21.10.2011 07:33) * We are not responsible of any conseqences

Each bearing type has its own limiting speed. The theoretical speed that bearings can run at safely, even if heat generation by internal friction occurs, is called the maximum permissible speed. The permissible speed is related to bearing type, type of cage, lubricant type, load and cooling conditions to which the bearing is subjected  For contact rubber seals(2RS type), the permissible speeds are limited by the peripheral velocity of the seal lip.  Normally, this is approximately 50 - 60% of that of non-contact rubber seals. If light contact rubber seals are required, this must be stipulated with the order. If high loads occur, the permissible speed values must be reduced and the following supplementary factors applied, except under standard operating conditions(Cr/P<12, Fa/Fr>0.2 )  COMPENSATION FOR MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE SPEED DEPENDENT ON LOAD RATIO   Cr/P 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 COMPENSATION FACTOR 0.72 0.79 0.85 0.90 0.93 0.96 0.98 1.00 COMPENSATION FOR MAXIMU

Fabrication of queries controlling system for two wheeler  Fabrication of man less defense  GPS based vehicle root tracking system  Fabrication of Two Engine Synchronization for Four Wheeler  Design and development of voice / Tele operated intelligent mobile robot (IEEE 1997)  Fabrication of Automatic head lamp alignment system with Dim/Bright Controller  Automatic sensor based wall painting robot  Remote controlled scrap collecting vehicle  GPS based automatic vehicle accident information system  Automatic Differential Unit locking system for Automobile  Remote controlled tilting handicapped wheel chair  Electronic assisted hydraulic braking system  Smart shock absorber for automobile  SMS based vehicle Ignition controlling system  Fabrication of Adaptive breaking system  Electrical Power Generation system using Railway track  Fabrication of Automatic Vehicle Over speed controlling system for School Zone  GSM based two wheeler security system  Fabr