Nuclear power station



The main nuclear fuels are uranium and plutonium. In a nuclear power station nuclear fuel undergoes a controlled chain reaction in the reactor to produce heat - nuclear to heat energy.
  • heat is used to change water into steam in the boiler.
  • the steam drives the turbine (heat to kinetic energy)
  • this drives the generator to produce electricity - kinetic to electrical energy.
Diagram of a nuclear power station. Cold water is pumped into the reactor and the water is heated and changed into steam in the boiler, which is then sent to power the turbines.

Advantages

Unlike fossil fuels, nuclear fuels do not produce carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide. 1 kg of nuclear fuel produces millions of times more energy than 1 kg of coal.

Disadvantages

  • like fossil fuels, nuclear fuels are non-renewable energy resources
  • if there is an accident, large amounts of radioactive material could be released into the environment. Although modern reactor designs are extremely safe.
  • Nuclear waste remains radioactive and is hazardous to health for thousands of years. It must be stored safely.
This waste material can never be used to make a 'nuclear bomb' which is sometimes mooted as a negative aspect of nuclear power stations. It is the fission fragments from a nuclear chain reaction and not fissionable itself.

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